http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/tags/storm/ Wed, 26 Oct 2011 03:34:25 -0700 Wed, 26 Oct 2011 03:34:25 -0700 http://www.flickr.com/ http://farm1.staticflickr.com/38/buddyicons/41622708@N00.jpg?1174311512#41622708@N00 http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/tags/storm/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/6282386773/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/mytripsmypics/">Eric Lafforgue</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/6282386773/" title="Hamhung farm entrance - North Korea"><img src="http://farm7.staticflickr.com/6235/6282386773_79a2907ffa_m.jpg" width="240" height="240" alt="Hamhung farm entrance - North Korea" /></a></p> <p>Hamhung is the main chemical city in North Korea. We were supposed to visit it.<br /> But the guides cancelled it at the last moment. So instead of visiting the museum with no light inside (real!), we asked for another visit, and they agreed to go in the biggest farm of the area.<br /> We could see the tractors, share pears with people etc.<br /> A nice moment.<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue<br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Wed, 26 Oct 2011 03:34:25 -0700 2011-09-15T09:02:50-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Eric Lafforgue) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/6282386773 39.8665 127.4105 39.8665 127.4105 1093857 Hamhung farm entrance - North Korea <p>Hamhung is the main chemical city in North Korea. We were supposed to visit it.<br /> But the guides cancelled it at the last moment. So instead of visiting the museum with no light inside (real!), we asked for another visit, and they agreed to go in the biggest farm of the area.<br /> We could see the tractors, share pears with people etc.<br /> A nice moment.<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue<br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Eric Lafforgue storm kids war asia propaganda korea asie coree fresco northkorea dprk coreadelnorte kimiljong propganda 1536 kimilsung nordkorea 북한 北朝鮮 корея coreadelnord 조선민주주의인민공화국 северная insidenorthkorea 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国 rpdc βόρεια kimjongun coreiadonorte เกาหลีเหนือ http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/4799615030/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/mytripsmypics/">Eric Lafforgue</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/4799615030/" title="Karrayyu man with a stick, Ethiopia"><img src="http://farm5.staticflickr.com/4096/4799615030_d6054516ae_m.jpg" width="240" height="170" alt="Karrayyu man with a stick, Ethiopia" /></a></p> <p>July is the rainy season in Ethiopia, so all day long, the sky changes , passing from blue to black, from dry to very wet!<br /> Last time i came in Awash area, i thought the people i saw on the road were Afars. Great mistake! They are Karayu, and are not friends at all with Afars. Tribal wars took place... They look rather the same, wear the same clothes , for an european eye, but do not tell a Karayu he is an Afar!<br /> The Karrayyu are a pastoralist tribe from Ethiopia living in the Awash Valley, around the volcano of Mount Fentale and the Metehara Plain. They belong to the larger ethnic group of the Oromos, who represent the majority (32%) of the ethiopian population. It is said the Karrayyu arrived in the area 200 hundreds years ago, during the so called « great expansion », of the Oromo, during which Oromo settled in different parts of Ethiopia,. This led to cultural diversification. In spite of local differences between those subgroups, they share the same Cushistic language (Afaan Oromo) religion (Waaqeffata) and governance system (Gada). The Karrayyu are one of the last Oromo ethnic subgroups to follow these rules and to preserve the original Oromo lifestyle and culture, and its pastoralist way of life. <br /> There are only 10 000 to 55 000 Karrayyus (because of their nomadic lifestyle it is difficult to have precise figures) whereas they used to be 200 000 at the beginning of the 20th century. Karrayyu are on the verge of instinction. Such a drop was due to the persecutions the Oromos, including the Karrayyu people had to face during Menelik’s II reign (1889-1913). This emperor, from the Amhara ethnic group led the unification of Ethiopia, and imposed the Amhara rule to the Oromos. Later, during the 20th century, the Karrayyu were deprived of most of their lands because of the establishment of national parks and modern farms. In the last four decades, Karrayyu’s were dispossed from 70 per cent of their land, including their shrines, by the government to make sugar and cotton plantations. <br /> Struggle for grazing lands and water resources is a constant and daily challenge for the Karrayyus. This results in conflicts with neighbouring tribes such as the Afar or the Argoba, but also with some other Oromos ethnic subgroups such as the Arsi Oromo. Clashes between herders from these tribes are pretty common, and sometimes people even get shot. Incidents occur about the possession or when some herders raid the cattle from another tribe. Last years these conflicts have intensified as the number of available grazing lands has cut down. Indeed, overgrazing (involved by the recent of growth of the area’s population) leads to soil erosion. The degradation of the rangelands intensifies the pratice of cattle raiding which is already deeply rooted in the culture of the tribes in this area. Some grazing lands have even been abandoned by the Karrayyus in fear of violent conflicts.<br /> The traditional Karrayyu religion is Waaqeffata, which is a monotheistic religion based on belief in a supreme being called « Waaqa ». This religion is closely related to the natural world as the Oromo pray to Waaqa at sites believed to be particularly blessed. However Kaarrayyu are muslim. Their religion consists in a syncretism of and Waaqa. Islam is the religion of 40 per cent of the Oromo people, including the Karrayyus.<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue<br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Fri, 16 Jul 2010 09:17:11 -0700 2010-07-11T09:45:55-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Eric Lafforgue) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/4799615030 8.897113 39.91599 8.897113 39.91599 1318905 Karrayyu man with a stick, Ethiopia <p>July is the rainy season in Ethiopia, so all day long, the sky changes , passing from blue to black, from dry to very wet!<br /> Last time i came in Awash area, i thought the people i saw on the road were Afars. Great mistake! They are Karayu, and are not friends at all with Afars. Tribal wars took place... They look rather the same, wear the same clothes , for an european eye, but do not tell a Karayu he is an Afar!<br /> The Karrayyu are a pastoralist tribe from Ethiopia living in the Awash Valley, around the volcano of Mount Fentale and the Metehara Plain. They belong to the larger ethnic group of the Oromos, who represent the majority (32%) of the ethiopian population. It is said the Karrayyu arrived in the area 200 hundreds years ago, during the so called « great expansion », of the Oromo, during which Oromo settled in different parts of Ethiopia,. This led to cultural diversification. In spite of local differences between those subgroups, they share the same Cushistic language (Afaan Oromo) religion (Waaqeffata) and governance system (Gada). The Karrayyu are one of the last Oromo ethnic subgroups to follow these rules and to preserve the original Oromo lifestyle and culture, and its pastoralist way of life. <br /> There are only 10 000 to 55 000 Karrayyus (because of their nomadic lifestyle it is difficult to have precise figures) whereas they used to be 200 000 at the beginning of the 20th century. Karrayyu are on the verge of instinction. Such a drop was due to the persecutions the Oromos, including the Karrayyu people had to face during Menelik’s II reign (1889-1913). This emperor, from the Amhara ethnic group led the unification of Ethiopia, and imposed the Amhara rule to the Oromos. Later, during the 20th century, the Karrayyu were deprived of most of their lands because of the establishment of national parks and modern farms. In the last four decades, Karrayyu’s were dispossed from 70 per cent of their land, including their shrines, by the government to make sugar and cotton plantations. <br /> Struggle for grazing lands and water resources is a constant and daily challenge for the Karrayyus. This results in conflicts with neighbouring tribes such as the Afar or the Argoba, but also with some other Oromos ethnic subgroups such as the Arsi Oromo. Clashes between herders from these tribes are pretty common, and sometimes people even get shot. Incidents occur about the possession or when some herders raid the cattle from another tribe. Last years these conflicts have intensified as the number of available grazing lands has cut down. Indeed, overgrazing (involved by the recent of growth of the area’s population) leads to soil erosion. The degradation of the rangelands intensifies the pratice of cattle raiding which is already deeply rooted in the culture of the tribes in this area. Some grazing lands have even been abandoned by the Karrayyus in fear of violent conflicts.<br /> The traditional Karrayyu religion is Waaqeffata, which is a monotheistic religion based on belief in a supreme being called « Waaqa ». This religion is closely related to the natural world as the Oromo pray to Waaqa at sites believed to be particularly blessed. However Kaarrayyu are muslim. Their religion consists in a syncretism of and Waaqa. Islam is the religion of 40 per cent of the Oromo people, including the Karrayyus.<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue<br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Eric Lafforgue sky storm man male gabi clouds cloudy culture tribal tribes stick shawl tradition tribe nuages ethnic baton tribo homme 133 contemplation ethnology tribu äthiopien etiopia ethiopie etiopía lookingatcamera traditionalclothes abyssinie エチオピア etiopija ethnie ethiopië 埃塞俄比亚 etiopien etiópia 埃塞俄比亞 etiyopya אתיופיה afriquedelest эфиопия 에티오피아 αιθιοπία 이디오피아 種族 етиопија 衣索匹亚 衣索匹亞 kereyu karayu okgps karrayyu tribudeskarrayyus karrayyutribe peuplekarrayyu karrayyupeople habittraditionnels ethiopianscarf اتیوپی http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/3741596891/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/mytripsmypics/">Eric Lafforgue</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/3741596891/" title="Pokot tribe chieftain with an ostrich feather on the head - Kenya"><img src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3425/3741596891_ecdbc74f89_m.jpg" width="240" height="170" alt="Pokot tribe chieftain with an ostrich feather on the head - Kenya" /></a></p> <p>Camera:Canon EOS-1Ds Mark III<br /> Exposure:0.004 sec (1/250)<br /> Aperture:f/10.0<br /> Focal Length:24 mm<br /> Exposure:+0.04<br /> ISO Speed:100<br /> Exposure Bias:-2/3 EV<br /> Ringflash<br /> <br /> Chepilat Pokhot village chief. Just before the storm! In his hand, the traditional seat/pillow in wood.<br /> The Pokot (or Pokhot) live in the Baringo district and in the Western Pokot district in Kenya. They are also inhabitants of Uganda.There are two main sub-groups depending of their location and way of life. The first group consist of the Hill Pokot who live in the rainy highlands in the west and in the central south, and are mainly farmers and pastoralists. The second group is made up of the Plains Pokot who live in dry and infertile plains, with their cattle. A homestead is composed of one or more buildings for a man, his wife and children; the prospective co-wives live in separate houses. Teaching children ethical rules is extremely important. Most of the Pokot are nomadic and thus have interacted with different peoples, incorporating their social customs.The Pokot are very proud of their culture. The songs, storytelling, and decorative arts, in particular body decoration, are very appreciated among the Pokot. They adorn the body with beads and hairstyling, and proceed to scarifications and the removal of the lower central incisors. Pokot girls wear a beaded necklace made of the stems of an asparagus tree. Most Pokot have some knowledge of herbal medicine, so they often use these treatments along with those of the hospitals. They belong to the Kenya's Nilotic-speaking peoples.For the Pokot, the universe has two realms: the above is the realm of the most powerful deities—Tororot, Asis (sun), and llat (rain); and the below is the one where live humans, animals, and plants. Humans are responsible for the realm that they inhabit, but they rely upon divinities to achieve and maintain peace and prosperity. They worship many deities like the sun, moon and believe in the spirit of death.The Pokot communicate with their deities through prayer and sacrifice. They perform it during ethnic festivals and dances. Oracles are responsible for maintaining the spiritual balance within the community. They are superstitious and believe in sorcery, so sometimes they call on shielding lucky sorcery. They have prophets, either male or female, who foresee and advise, usually by the means of animal sacrifices. Their abilities are considered as a divine gift. Clan histories recount the changes of location, through poetry and song, emphasizing the vulnerability of human beings and the importance of supernatural powers that help them overcome hunger, thirst, and even death. Ceremonies mark the transitions in the people's social lives. Among these are: the cleansing of a couple expecting their first child; the cleansing of newborn infants and their mothers; the cleansing of twins and other children who are born under unusual circumstances; male and female initiation; marriage; sapana, a coming-of-age ceremony for men; and summer-solstice, harvest, and healing ceremonies. The most important rite of passage for most Pokot is circumcision for boys and clitoridectomy for girls. These rites consist of a series of neighborhood-based ceremonies, emphasizing the importance of having a good behavior. When boys are circumcised, they acquire membership in one of eight age sets. Women do not belong to any age-set. After excision, for several months, girls have a white painting on their face and wear a hood made of blackened leather with charcoal and oil. This means they are untouchable until the lepan ceremony, that marks the passage to womanhood. Unlike other tribes, the Pokot keep the affiliation to their clan throughout their lives, there is no disruption with marriage. Surprisingly, the agreement before marriage is made by gift giving, from the groom and his family to the bride and her family (and not the contrary), often over a period of years. It often implies the gift of a combination of livestock, goods, and cash to the bride's family, and the allotment of milk cows and rights to land to the bride. The bond between a husband and wife lasts for 3 generations, after what marriages can take place again between the two groups. Polygamy exists but is not prevalent among men before 40. The spirits of the elder anticipate reincarnation in their living descendants: when a child is said to resemble the elder, the same name is given. Disputes are resolved in neighborhood councils and in government courts. Some of the sanctions include shaming, cursing, and bewitching.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Les Pokot vivent dans le district de Baringo et à l’ouest du district de Pokot au Kenya. Ce sont aussi des habitants de l’Ouganda.Il existe deux principaux sous-groupes selon leur localisation et mode de vie. Le premier groupe est constitué des Pokot des collines qui vivent dans les hautes terres humides dans l’ouest et dans le centre sud, et sont surtout des agriculteurs et pasteurs. Le second groupe est composé des Pokot des plaines qui vivent dans les plaines sèches et infertiles, avec leur bétail. Chaque propriété familiale est composée d’une ou plusieurs bâtiments pour un homme, sa femme et ses femmes, les éventuelles autres épouses vivent dans des maisons séparées. Enseigner aux enfants les règles éthiques est extrêmement important. La plupart des Pokot sont nomades et ont donc interagi avec différents peuples, incorporant leurs coutumes sociales. Les Pokot sont très fiers de leur culture. Les chants, contines, et arts décoratifs, en particulier la décoration du corps, sont particulièrement appréciés chez les Pokot. Ils parent leur corps de perles et coiffures originales, et procèdent à des scarifications et au retrait des incisives centrales inférieures. Les filles Pokot portent un collier de perles fait de tiges d’asparagus. La plupart des Pokot a des connaissances des médicaments à base de plantes, et ils utilisent donc souvent ces traitements avec ceux des hôpitaux. Ils appartiennent aux peuples parlant les langues nilotiques du Kenya.Pour les Pokot, l’univers a deux royaumes : celui d’en haut est le royaume des déités les plus puissantes –Torotot, Asis (soleil), et Ilat (pluie) ; celui d’en bas est celui où vivent les humains, animaux, et plantes. Les humains sont responsables du royaume qu’ils habitent, mais ils reposent sur les divinités pour atteindre et maintenir la paix et la prospérité. Ils vouent un culte à de nombreuses déités tels que le soleil et la lune et croient dans l’esprit de la mort. Les Pokot communiquent avec leurs déités par la prière et le sacrifice. Ils les accomplissent lors de festivals ethniques et de danses. Les oracles sont responsables du maintien de l’équilibre spirituel à l’intérieur de la communauté. Ils sont superstitieux et croient aux sortilèges, c’est pourquoi parfois ils invoquent des sortilèges de chance protecteurs. Ils ont des prophètes, hommes ou femmes, qui voient dans le futur et conseillent, habituellement au moyen de sacrifices d’animaux. Leurs capacités sont considérées comme un don divin. Les histoires claniques racontent les changements de leurs lieux de vie, à travers des poèmes et chansons, mettant en avant la vulnérabilité des êtres humains et l’importance de pouvoirs supernaturels qui les aident à surpasser la faim, la soif, et même la mort. Les cérémonies marquent les transitions dans la vie sociale des individus. Parmi celles-ci on compte : la purification d’un couple attendant leur premier enfant ; celle d’enfants nouveaux-nés et de leurs mères ; la purification de jumeaux et d’autres enfantgs qui sont nés dans des circonstances inhabituelles ; l’initiation pour hommes et femmes ; le mariage ; le sapana, une cérémonie pour la majorité chez les hommes ; le solstice d’été ; la moisson ; et les cérémonies de soins. Le rite de passage le plus important pour la plupart des Pokot est la circoncision pour les garçons et la clitorectomie pour les filles. Ces rites consistent en une série de cérémonies basées sur le voisinage, soulignant l’importance d’avoir une bonne conduite. Lorsque les garçons sont circoncis, ils deviennent membres de l’une des huit classes d’âge. Les femmes n’appartiennent à aucune classe d’âge. Après l’excision, pour plusieurs mois, les filles portent une painture blanche sur le visage et une capuche fait de cuir noirci au charbon de bois et à l’huile. Cela signifie qu’elle sont intouchables jusqu’à la cérémonie lepan, qui marque le passage à l’état de femme. Contrairement à d’autres tribus, les Pokot gardent l’affiliation à leur clan toute leur vie, il n’y a aucune rupture lors du mariage. De façon surprenante, l’accord avant le mariage est réalisé grâce à des cadeaux de la part du futur époux et de sa famille, à la fiancée et sa famille (et non le contraire), souvent pour une période donnée d’année. Cela implique souvent le don d’une association de bétail, biens, et argent à la famille de la mariée, et l’attribution de vaches à lait et des droits fonciers à la mariée. Le lien entre le mari et la femme dure pendant 3 générations, après quoi les mariages peuvent de nouveau avoir lieu entre les deux groupes. La polygamie existes mais ne prévaut pas chez les hommes de moins de 40 ans. Les esprits des plus vieux anticipent la réincarnation chez leurs descendants vivants : quand on dit d’un enfant qu’il ressemble à son aîné, le même nom lui est donné. Les disputes sont résolues dans des conseils de voisinage et dans les tribunaux du gouvernement. Certaines des sanctions incluent le déshonneur, la malédiction et l’ensorcellement.<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue<br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Tue, 21 Jul 2009 01:53:34 -0700 2009-07-17T17:13:42-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Eric Lafforgue) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/3741596891 0.74605 36.029822 0.74605 36.029822 1528055 Pokot tribe chieftain with an ostrich feather on the head - Kenya <p>Camera:Canon EOS-1Ds Mark III<br /> Exposure:0.004 sec (1/250)<br /> Aperture:f/10.0<br /> Focal Length:24 mm<br /> Exposure:+0.04<br /> ISO Speed:100<br /> Exposure Bias:-2/3 EV<br /> Ringflash<br /> <br /> Chepilat Pokhot village chief. Just before the storm! In his hand, the traditional seat/pillow in wood.<br /> The Pokot (or Pokhot) live in the Baringo district and in the Western Pokot district in Kenya. They are also inhabitants of Uganda.There are two main sub-groups depending of their location and way of life. The first group consist of the Hill Pokot who live in the rainy highlands in the west and in the central south, and are mainly farmers and pastoralists. The second group is made up of the Plains Pokot who live in dry and infertile plains, with their cattle. A homestead is composed of one or more buildings for a man, his wife and children; the prospective co-wives live in separate houses. Teaching children ethical rules is extremely important. Most of the Pokot are nomadic and thus have interacted with different peoples, incorporating their social customs.The Pokot are very proud of their culture. The songs, storytelling, and decorative arts, in particular body decoration, are very appreciated among the Pokot. They adorn the body with beads and hairstyling, and proceed to scarifications and the removal of the lower central incisors. Pokot girls wear a beaded necklace made of the stems of an asparagus tree. Most Pokot have some knowledge of herbal medicine, so they often use these treatments along with those of the hospitals. They belong to the Kenya's Nilotic-speaking peoples.For the Pokot, the universe has two realms: the above is the realm of the most powerful deities—Tororot, Asis (sun), and llat (rain); and the below is the one where live humans, animals, and plants. Humans are responsible for the realm that they inhabit, but they rely upon divinities to achieve and maintain peace and prosperity. They worship many deities like the sun, moon and believe in the spirit of death.The Pokot communicate with their deities through prayer and sacrifice. They perform it during ethnic festivals and dances. Oracles are responsible for maintaining the spiritual balance within the community. They are superstitious and believe in sorcery, so sometimes they call on shielding lucky sorcery. They have prophets, either male or female, who foresee and advise, usually by the means of animal sacrifices. Their abilities are considered as a divine gift. Clan histories recount the changes of location, through poetry and song, emphasizing the vulnerability of human beings and the importance of supernatural powers that help them overcome hunger, thirst, and even death. Ceremonies mark the transitions in the people's social lives. Among these are: the cleansing of a couple expecting their first child; the cleansing of newborn infants and their mothers; the cleansing of twins and other children who are born under unusual circumstances; male and female initiation; marriage; sapana, a coming-of-age ceremony for men; and summer-solstice, harvest, and healing ceremonies. The most important rite of passage for most Pokot is circumcision for boys and clitoridectomy for girls. These rites consist of a series of neighborhood-based ceremonies, emphasizing the importance of having a good behavior. When boys are circumcised, they acquire membership in one of eight age sets. Women do not belong to any age-set. After excision, for several months, girls have a white painting on their face and wear a hood made of blackened leather with charcoal and oil. This means they are untouchable until the lepan ceremony, that marks the passage to womanhood. Unlike other tribes, the Pokot keep the affiliation to their clan throughout their lives, there is no disruption with marriage. Surprisingly, the agreement before marriage is made by gift giving, from the groom and his family to the bride and her family (and not the contrary), often over a period of years. It often implies the gift of a combination of livestock, goods, and cash to the bride's family, and the allotment of milk cows and rights to land to the bride. The bond between a husband and wife lasts for 3 generations, after what marriages can take place again between the two groups. Polygamy exists but is not prevalent among men before 40. The spirits of the elder anticipate reincarnation in their living descendants: when a child is said to resemble the elder, the same name is given. Disputes are resolved in neighborhood councils and in government courts. Some of the sanctions include shaming, cursing, and bewitching.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Les Pokot vivent dans le district de Baringo et à l’ouest du district de Pokot au Kenya. Ce sont aussi des habitants de l’Ouganda.Il existe deux principaux sous-groupes selon leur localisation et mode de vie. Le premier groupe est constitué des Pokot des collines qui vivent dans les hautes terres humides dans l’ouest et dans le centre sud, et sont surtout des agriculteurs et pasteurs. Le second groupe est composé des Pokot des plaines qui vivent dans les plaines sèches et infertiles, avec leur bétail. Chaque propriété familiale est composée d’une ou plusieurs bâtiments pour un homme, sa femme et ses femmes, les éventuelles autres épouses vivent dans des maisons séparées. Enseigner aux enfants les règles éthiques est extrêmement important. La plupart des Pokot sont nomades et ont donc interagi avec différents peuples, incorporant leurs coutumes sociales. Les Pokot sont très fiers de leur culture. Les chants, contines, et arts décoratifs, en particulier la décoration du corps, sont particulièrement appréciés chez les Pokot. Ils parent leur corps de perles et coiffures originales, et procèdent à des scarifications et au retrait des incisives centrales inférieures. Les filles Pokot portent un collier de perles fait de tiges d’asparagus. La plupart des Pokot a des connaissances des médicaments à base de plantes, et ils utilisent donc souvent ces traitements avec ceux des hôpitaux. Ils appartiennent aux peuples parlant les langues nilotiques du Kenya.Pour les Pokot, l’univers a deux royaumes : celui d’en haut est le royaume des déités les plus puissantes –Torotot, Asis (soleil), et Ilat (pluie) ; celui d’en bas est celui où vivent les humains, animaux, et plantes. Les humains sont responsables du royaume qu’ils habitent, mais ils reposent sur les divinités pour atteindre et maintenir la paix et la prospérité. Ils vouent un culte à de nombreuses déités tels que le soleil et la lune et croient dans l’esprit de la mort. Les Pokot communiquent avec leurs déités par la prière et le sacrifice. Ils les accomplissent lors de festivals ethniques et de danses. Les oracles sont responsables du maintien de l’équilibre spirituel à l’intérieur de la communauté. Ils sont superstitieux et croient aux sortilèges, c’est pourquoi parfois ils invoquent des sortilèges de chance protecteurs. Ils ont des prophètes, hommes ou femmes, qui voient dans le futur et conseillent, habituellement au moyen de sacrifices d’animaux. Leurs capacités sont considérées comme un don divin. Les histoires claniques racontent les changements de leurs lieux de vie, à travers des poèmes et chansons, mettant en avant la vulnérabilité des êtres humains et l’importance de pouvoirs supernaturels qui les aident à surpasser la faim, la soif, et même la mort. Les cérémonies marquent les transitions dans la vie sociale des individus. Parmi celles-ci on compte : la purification d’un couple attendant leur premier enfant ; celle d’enfants nouveaux-nés et de leurs mères ; la purification de jumeaux et d’autres enfantgs qui sont nés dans des circonstances inhabituelles ; l’initiation pour hommes et femmes ; le mariage ; le sapana, une cérémonie pour la majorité chez les hommes ; le solstice d’été ; la moisson ; et les cérémonies de soins. Le rite de passage le plus important pour la plupart des Pokot est la circoncision pour les garçons et la clitorectomie pour les filles. Ces rites consistent en une série de cérémonies basées sur le voisinage, soulignant l’importance d’avoir une bonne conduite. Lorsque les garçons sont circoncis, ils deviennent membres de l’une des huit classes d’âge. Les femmes n’appartiennent à aucune classe d’âge. Après l’excision, pour plusieurs mois, les filles portent une painture blanche sur le visage et une capuche fait de cuir noirci au charbon de bois et à l’huile. Cela signifie qu’elle sont intouchables jusqu’à la cérémonie lepan, qui marque le passage à l’état de femme. Contrairement à d’autres tribus, les Pokot gardent l’affiliation à leur clan toute leur vie, il n’y a aucune rupture lors du mariage. De façon surprenante, l’accord avant le mariage est réalisé grâce à des cadeaux de la part du futur époux et de sa famille, à la fiancée et sa famille (et non le contraire), souvent pour une période donnée d’année. Cela implique souvent le don d’une association de bétail, biens, et argent à la famille de la mariée, et l’attribution de vaches à lait et des droits fonciers à la mariée. Le lien entre le mari et la femme dure pendant 3 générations, après quoi les mariages peuvent de nouveau avoir lieu entre les deux groupes. La polygamie existes mais ne prévaut pas chez les hommes de moins de 40 ans. Les esprits des plus vieux anticipent la réincarnation chez leurs descendants vivants : quand on dit d’un enfant qu’il ressemble à son aîné, le même nom lui est donné. Les disputes sont résolues dans des conseils de voisinage et dans les tribunaux du gouvernement. Certaines des sanctions incluent le déshonneur, la malédiction et l’ensorcellement.<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue<br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Eric Lafforgue africa wood storm clouds canon village kenya seat chief flash feather culture tribal pillow chef tribes afrika tradition tribe nuage ethnic tabouret bois tribo ringflash autruche headdress plume afrique headwear ethnology headgear tribu eastafrica headrest coiffe pokot quénia 7406 lafforgue ethnie ケニア quênia كينيا 케냐 кения keňa 肯尼亚 κένυα pokhot teppete appuienuque кенија кенијa http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/3241083345/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/mytripsmypics/">Eric Lafforgue</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/3241083345/" title="Karo kids taking shower under the storm Ethiopia"><img src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3427/3241083345_f71c568cbf_m.jpg" width="240" height="240" alt="Karo kids taking shower under the storm Ethiopia" /></a></p> <p>October is supposed to be a dry season in south Ethiopia, but rains were commun at this time. It's always a happy time for villagers to have rain after a dry weather, as Karo kids wash themselves, like i did too after 3 days without shower !<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue<br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Sat, 31 Jan 2009 09:54:01 -0800 2008-10-29T15:27:24-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Eric Lafforgue) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/3241083345 5.191845 36.207753 5.191845 36.207753 56017434 Karo kids taking shower under the storm Ethiopia <p>October is supposed to be a dry season in south Ethiopia, but rains were commun at this time. It's always a happy time for villagers to have rain after a dry weather, as Karo kids wash themselves, like i did too after 3 days without shower !<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue<br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Eric Lafforgue storm water rain kids kara happy artistic dam pluie tribal explore wash ornament bodypainting ethiopia tribe rite karo barrage goutte tribo chlidren adornment pigments omo eastafrica äthiopien etiopia ethiopie etiopía 5292 lafforgue エチオピア etiopija ethiopië 埃塞俄比亚 etiopien etiópia 埃塞俄比亞 etiyopya אתיופיה nomadicpeople эфиопия 에티오피아 αιθιοπία 이디오피아 種族 salinicostruttori етиопија 衣索匹亚 衣索匹亞 gibeiiidam gibe3dam bienvenuedansmatribu peoplesoftheomovalley اتیوپی http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/3042397799/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/mytripsmypics/">Eric Lafforgue</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/3042397799/" title="Erbore tribe South Ethiopia"><img src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3159/3042397799_b5c10b6386_m.jpg" width="240" height="170" alt="Erbore tribe South Ethiopia" /></a></p> <p>Arbore tribe is not far from Kenya border. The women are beautiful, they all wear black veils, like muslim, but are half nude and head shaved, so the contrast is really amazing.<br /> When i took the picture, a big storm was coming, and the sky was unreal!<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue<br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Tue, 18 Nov 2008 23:48:53 -0800 2008-10-26T16:01:04-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Eric Lafforgue) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/3042397799 4.995727 36.845377 4.995727 36.845377 56017434 Erbore tribe South Ethiopia <p>Arbore tribe is not far from Kenya border. The women are beautiful, they all wear black veils, like muslim, but are half nude and head shaved, so the contrast is really amazing.<br /> When i took the picture, a big storm was coming, and the sky was unreal!<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue<br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Eric Lafforgue africa sky woman storm landscape veiled artistic african femme tribal ciel ornament blackpeople bodypainting ethiopia tribe ethnic paysage rite orage tribo indigenous adornment africain afrique pigments indigenouspeople tribu omo eastafrica äthiopien etiopia ethiopie etiopía etnia arbore ethnique 4151 tribalgirl lafforgue エチオピア etiopija ethnie ethiopië 埃塞俄比亚 ericlafforgue laffogue erbore etiopien etiópia 埃塞俄比亞 etiyopya אתיופיה voilee southethiopia nomadicpeople ericlafforguecom эфиопия 에티오피아 arboretribe tribalgirls αιθιοπία αιθιοπια abissínia 이디오피아 種族 етиопија 衣索匹亚 衣索匹亞 bienvenuedansmatribu peoplesoftheomovalley اتیوپی http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/6206433809/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/mytripsmypics/">Eric Lafforgue</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/6206433809/" title="Rainbow and storm over Manda island - Lamu Kenya"><img src="http://farm7.staticflickr.com/6145/6206433809_a35f4d0d0a_m.jpg" width="240" height="170" alt="Rainbow and storm over Manda island - Lamu Kenya" /></a></p> <p>The place where the french woman has been kidnapped...The houses on the pictures belong to famous french doctor Delajoux and movie director Elie Chouraqui.<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue <br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Mon, 03 Oct 2011 00:20:29 -0700 2011-07-09T16:09:42-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Eric Lafforgue) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/6206433809 -2.272334 40.903166 -2.272334 40.903166 1528008 Rainbow and storm over Manda island - Lamu Kenya <p>The place where the french woman has been kidnapped...The houses on the pictures belong to famous french doctor Delajoux and movie director Elie Chouraqui.<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue <br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Eric Lafforgue africa houses storm clouds island rainbow kenya pirates culture unescoworldheritagesite afrika tradition lamu manda somalia kidnap swahili afrique eastafrica somalis quénia 4730 lafforgue ケニア quênia كينيا 케냐 кения keňa 肯尼亚 κένυα tradingroute кенијa http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/98630509/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/mytripsmypics/">Eric Lafforgue</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mytripsmypics/98630509/" title="Eritrea Erythrée Lafforgue"><img src="http://farm1.staticflickr.com/38/98630509_e11313fbb1_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="Eritrea Erythrée Lafforgue" /></a></p> <p>Asmara - Massawa road, Eritrea<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue <br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Sun, 12 Feb 2006 02:08:11 -0800 2005-05-22T18:10:36-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Eric Lafforgue) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/98630509 15.330545 38.946104 15.330545 38.946104 1312120 Eritrea Erythrée Lafforgue <p>Asmara - Massawa road, Eritrea<br /> <br /> © Eric Lafforgue <br /> <a href="http://www.ericlafforgue.com" rel="nofollow">www.ericlafforgue.com</a></p> Eric Lafforgue voyage africa travel blackandwhite bw storm clouds canon noiretblanc nb canoneos20d tigre asmara massawa eritrea eastafrica aoi eritreo erytrea lafforgue erythrée erythree asmera eritreia cushitic hagereertra italiancolony italianeastafrica irītriyā إريتريا ኤርትራ ericlafforgue lafforguemaccom mytripsmypics ertra 厄利垂亞 厄利垂亚 エリトリア eritre эритрея ερυθραία érythrée eritreja eritréia africaorientaleitaliana 厄立特里亞 厄立特里亚 에리트레아 eritreë eritrėja еритреја eritreya еритрея erythraía erytreja эрытрэя اريتره אריתריה เอริเทรีย