http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/tags/shqip%C3%ABria/ Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:58 -0700 Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:58 -0700 http://www.flickr.com/ http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8364/buddyicons/24271543@N03.jpg?1356886968#24271543@N03 http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/tags/shqip%C3%ABria/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393689946/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393689946/" title="Elbasan, Albanie: monument aux victimes du génocide de Çamëria"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7090/7393689946_0dae30ed86_m.jpg" width="199" height="240" alt="Elbasan, Albanie: monument aux victimes du génocide de Çamëria" /></a></p> <p>Chameria (Albanian: Çamëria, Greek: Τσαμουριά Tsamouriá) is a term used today mostly by Albanians for parts of the coastal region of Epirus in southern Albania and northwestern Greece It was also used by Greeks till the mid of 20th century and is frequently found in Greek literature. Today it is obsolete in Greek, surviving mainly in Greek folk songs, and is used mostly by Albanians as it is associated with the Cham Albanians. Most of what is called Chameria is divided between the Greek prefectures of Thesprotia and Preveza, the southern extremity of Albania's Sarandë District and some villages in eastern Ioannina Prefecture. The term is disused in Greece due in part to its perceived connotation of Albanian irredentism, and because the Greek toponyms Epirus and Thesprotia have been established for the region since antiquity.<br /> .....................<br /> When the region came under Greek control in 1913, its population included speakers of Greek, Albanian, Aromanian and Romani.<br /> Muslim Chams were counted as a religious minority, and some of them were transferred to Turkey, during the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey, while their property was alienated by the Greek government as part of the relevant agreement between Greece and Turkey. Orthodox Cham Albanians were counted as Greeks, and their language and Albanian heritage were under pressure of assimilation. The region was then settled by Greek refugees from Asia Minor.<br /> In 1930's the population was approximately 70.000, the Muslim Albanian speakers estimated around 18.000-20.000. All the population, independently of religion of ethnicity, were called Chams (According to the 1928 census the total Muslim population in Greece was 126.017).<br /> In 1936 the Ioannina prefecture where the area was included, divided into two parts and the new prefecture took the name Thesprotia which was its ancient name. Cham Albanians were given religious, but no ethnic minority status and there was little evidence of direct state persecution at this time.<br /> During the Axis occupation of Greece (1941–1944), large parts of the Muslim Cham community collaborated with the Italian and German forces committing a number of war crimes. At the end of World War II, nearly all Muslim Chams in Greece were expelled to Albania, because of that activity. However, another part of Muslim Chams provided military support to the resistance forces of the Greek People's Liberation Army, while the rest were civilians uninvolved in the war. Led by Zervas' former officer, Col. Zotos, a loose paramilitary grouping of former guerrillas and local men went on a rampage. In the worst massacre, in the town of Filiates on 13 March, some sixty to seventy Chams were killed.[ (Wikipedia)</p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:58 -0700 2012-06-03T14:34:54-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393689946 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie: monument aux victimes du génocide de Çamëria <p>Chameria (Albanian: Çamëria, Greek: Τσαμουριά Tsamouriá) is a term used today mostly by Albanians for parts of the coastal region of Epirus in southern Albania and northwestern Greece It was also used by Greeks till the mid of 20th century and is frequently found in Greek literature. Today it is obsolete in Greek, surviving mainly in Greek folk songs, and is used mostly by Albanians as it is associated with the Cham Albanians. Most of what is called Chameria is divided between the Greek prefectures of Thesprotia and Preveza, the southern extremity of Albania's Sarandë District and some villages in eastern Ioannina Prefecture. The term is disused in Greece due in part to its perceived connotation of Albanian irredentism, and because the Greek toponyms Epirus and Thesprotia have been established for the region since antiquity.<br /> .....................<br /> When the region came under Greek control in 1913, its population included speakers of Greek, Albanian, Aromanian and Romani.<br /> Muslim Chams were counted as a religious minority, and some of them were transferred to Turkey, during the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey, while their property was alienated by the Greek government as part of the relevant agreement between Greece and Turkey. Orthodox Cham Albanians were counted as Greeks, and their language and Albanian heritage were under pressure of assimilation. The region was then settled by Greek refugees from Asia Minor.<br /> In 1930's the population was approximately 70.000, the Muslim Albanian speakers estimated around 18.000-20.000. All the population, independently of religion of ethnicity, were called Chams (According to the 1928 census the total Muslim population in Greece was 126.017).<br /> In 1936 the Ioannina prefecture where the area was included, divided into two parts and the new prefecture took the name Thesprotia which was its ancient name. Cham Albanians were given religious, but no ethnic minority status and there was little evidence of direct state persecution at this time.<br /> During the Axis occupation of Greece (1941–1944), large parts of the Muslim Cham community collaborated with the Italian and German forces committing a number of war crimes. At the end of World War II, nearly all Muslim Chams in Greece were expelled to Albania, because of that activity. However, another part of Muslim Chams provided military support to the resistance forces of the Greek People's Liberation Army, while the rest were civilians uninvolved in the war. Led by Zervas' former officer, Col. Zotos, a loose paramilitary grouping of former guerrillas and local men went on a rampage. In the worst massacre, in the town of Filiates on 13 March, some sixty to seventy Chams were killed.[ (Wikipedia)</p> Marie-Hélène Cingal albania monumentauxmorts elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë çamëria républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393751726/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393751726/" title="Elbasan, Albanie"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7224/7393751726_6652efdd3e_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Elbasan, Albanie" /></a></p> <p>Mehmet fit construire un château en quadrilatère massif avec un fossé profond et trois portes. Il l'appela Ilibasan, signifiant «l'endroit fort» en turc. C'est devenu un centre de civilisation urbaine ottoman au cours des quatre siècles suivants. Vers la fin du xviie siècle, il y avait 2 000 habitants. La forteresse fut démantelée par Reshit Pasha en 1832.</p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:47 -0700 2012-06-03T13:29:01-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393751726 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie <p>Mehmet fit construire un château en quadrilatère massif avec un fossé profond et trois portes. Il l'appela Ilibasan, signifiant «l'endroit fort» en turc. C'est devenu un centre de civilisation urbaine ottoman au cours des quatre siècles suivants. Vers la fin du xviie siècle, il y avait 2 000 habitants. La forteresse fut démantelée par Reshit Pasha en 1832.</p> Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie masioscampa http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393778620/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393778620/" title="Elbasan, Albanie"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7227/7393778620_a3de3d859f_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Elbasan, Albanie" /></a></p> <p>In August 2010 archaeologists discovered two Illyrian graves near the walls of the castle of Elbasan. Elbasan came into prominence in the Roman period, when it became a popular holiday spot known as Masio Scampa (Rural Retreat). The Romans built a substantial fortress here, about 300 square meters, protected by towers. In the third and fourth centuries, it became known as Hiskampis.[citation needed] It had developed as an important trade and transport centre near the junction of two branches of the Via Egnatia coming from Apollonia and Dyrrachium.<br /> It took part in the spread of Christianity along the Via, and had a bishop, cathedral and basilicas as early as the fifth century. As a town in a wide river valley it was vulnerable to attacks once the legions were withdrawn but Emperor Justinian made an effort to improve the fortifications. The city survived attacks by the Bulgars and Ostrogoths and was mentioned in the work of Procopius of Cæsarea.<br /> [edit]Ottoman period<br /> <br /> The site seems to have been abandoned until the Ottoman army built a military camp there, followed by urban reconstruction under Sultan Mehmet II in 1466. Mehmet constructed a massive four-sided castle with a deep moat and three gates. He named it Elbasan, meaning 'crushing fist' in Turkish.[citation needed] It became the seat of Sanjak of Elbasan, a centre of Ottoman urban civilisation over the next 445 years. Although Halil Inalcik explains that the Sanjak of Elbasan was established as soon as the fortress of Elbasan has been constructed in 1466, based on Tursun Beg's records there is a possibility that Elbasan initially was part of the Sanjak of Ohrid.[6] By the end of the 17th century it had 2,000 inhabitants. The fortress was dismantled by Reshit Pasha in 1832. In 1864, the Sanjak of Elbasan became a part of Monastir Vilayet. At the beginning of the 20th century it was estimated that 15,000 people lived in Elbasan.[7]<br /> In 1909, after the Young Turks revolution in Istanbul, an Albanian National Congress was held in Elbasan to study educational and cultural questions. The delegates, all from central and southern Albania, endorsed the decision of the Congress of Monastir, which was held in Monastir (modern Bitola, Republic of Macedonia) to use the Latin alphabet rather than the Arabic script in written Albanian.<br /> (Wikipedia)</p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:43 -0700 2012-06-03T13:27:07-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393778620 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie <p>In August 2010 archaeologists discovered two Illyrian graves near the walls of the castle of Elbasan. Elbasan came into prominence in the Roman period, when it became a popular holiday spot known as Masio Scampa (Rural Retreat). The Romans built a substantial fortress here, about 300 square meters, protected by towers. In the third and fourth centuries, it became known as Hiskampis.[citation needed] It had developed as an important trade and transport centre near the junction of two branches of the Via Egnatia coming from Apollonia and Dyrrachium.<br /> It took part in the spread of Christianity along the Via, and had a bishop, cathedral and basilicas as early as the fifth century. As a town in a wide river valley it was vulnerable to attacks once the legions were withdrawn but Emperor Justinian made an effort to improve the fortifications. The city survived attacks by the Bulgars and Ostrogoths and was mentioned in the work of Procopius of Cæsarea.<br /> [edit]Ottoman period<br /> <br /> The site seems to have been abandoned until the Ottoman army built a military camp there, followed by urban reconstruction under Sultan Mehmet II in 1466. Mehmet constructed a massive four-sided castle with a deep moat and three gates. He named it Elbasan, meaning 'crushing fist' in Turkish.[citation needed] It became the seat of Sanjak of Elbasan, a centre of Ottoman urban civilisation over the next 445 years. Although Halil Inalcik explains that the Sanjak of Elbasan was established as soon as the fortress of Elbasan has been constructed in 1466, based on Tursun Beg's records there is a possibility that Elbasan initially was part of the Sanjak of Ohrid.[6] By the end of the 17th century it had 2,000 inhabitants. The fortress was dismantled by Reshit Pasha in 1832. In 1864, the Sanjak of Elbasan became a part of Monastir Vilayet. At the beginning of the 20th century it was estimated that 15,000 people lived in Elbasan.[7]<br /> In 1909, after the Young Turks revolution in Istanbul, an Albanian National Congress was held in Elbasan to study educational and cultural questions. The delegates, all from central and southern Albania, endorsed the decision of the Congress of Monastir, which was held in Monastir (modern Bitola, Republic of Macedonia) to use the Latin alphabet rather than the Arabic script in written Albanian.<br /> (Wikipedia)</p> Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie masioscampa http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393719534/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393719534/" title="Elbasan, Albanie"><img src="http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5191/7393719534_1d49c1cd4b_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Elbasan, Albanie" /></a></p> <p>Mehmet fit construire un château en quadrilatère massif avec un fossé profond et trois portes. Il l'appela Ilibasan, signifiant «l'endroit fort» en turc. C'est devenu un centre de civilisation urbaine ottoman au cours des quatre siècles suivants. Vers la fin du xviie siècle, il y avait 2 000 habitants. La forteresse fut démantelée par Reshit Pasha en 1832.</p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:52 -0700 2012-06-03T14:30:47-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393719534 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie <p>Mehmet fit construire un château en quadrilatère massif avec un fossé profond et trois portes. Il l'appela Ilibasan, signifiant «l'endroit fort» en turc. C'est devenu un centre de civilisation urbaine ottoman au cours des quatre siècles suivants. Vers la fin du xviie siècle, il y avait 2 000 habitants. La forteresse fut démantelée par Reshit Pasha en 1832.</p> Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie masioscampa http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393815784/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393815784/" title="Albanie, entre Berat et Elbasan"><img src="http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5315/7393815784_7d3f4f29f1_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Albanie, entre Berat et Elbasan" /></a></p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:34 -0700 2012-06-03T12:48:30-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393815784 41.06993 19.942245 41.06993 19.942245 20069949 Albanie, entre Berat et Elbasan Marie-Hélène Cingal leo lion leon albania kosta albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393739824/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393739824/" title="Elbasan, Albanie"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7217/7393739824_6b0f159454_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Elbasan, Albanie" /></a></p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:49 -0700 2012-06-03T13:29:56-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393739824 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie Marie-Hélène Cingal bench albania banc elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie masioscampa http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393758504/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393758504/" title="Elbasan, Albanie"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7097/7393758504_2afcc360cb_m.jpg" width="180" height="240" alt="Elbasan, Albanie" /></a></p> <p>Mehmet fit construire un château en quadrilatère massif avec un fossé profond et trois portes. Il l'appela Ilibasan, signifiant «l'endroit fort» en turc. C'est devenu un centre de civilisation urbaine ottoman au cours des quatre siècles suivants. Vers la fin du xviie siècle, il y avait 2 000 habitants. La forteresse fut démantelée par Reshit Pasha en 1832.</p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:46 -0700 2012-06-03T13:28:45-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393758504 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie <p>Mehmet fit construire un château en quadrilatère massif avec un fossé profond et trois portes. Il l'appela Ilibasan, signifiant «l'endroit fort» en turc. C'est devenu un centre de civilisation urbaine ottoman au cours des quatre siècles suivants. Vers la fin du xviie siècle, il y avait 2 000 habitants. La forteresse fut démantelée par Reshit Pasha en 1832.</p> Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie masioscampa http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393700016/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393700016/" title="Elbasan, Albanie: sous le restaurant"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7099/7393700016_52b416b7f1_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Elbasan, Albanie: sous le restaurant" /></a></p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:56 -0700 2012-06-03T14:32:36-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393700016 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie: sous le restaurant Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie masioscampa http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393782544/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393782544/" title="Elbasan, Albanie"><img src="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8166/7393782544_1481af6fa7_m.jpg" width="240" height="126" alt="Elbasan, Albanie" /></a></p> <p>Elbasan devint importante pendant la période romaine, quand elle était connue sous le nom de Masio Scampa. Le mot Scampa signifie des roches ou des crêtes dans la langue illyrienne antique. Les Romains y construisirent une forteresse importante, défendue par des tours. Aux iiie et ive siècles, elle s'appelait Hiskampis et s'était développée comme un centre de commerce et de transport important, près de la jonction de deux branches de la Via Egnatia venant d'Apollonia et de Dyrrachium. Ptolémée a écrit que c'était la ville de la tribu d'Eordaei, qui plus tard a émigré en Macédoine. Elle a participé à la diffusion du christianisme le long de la voie romaine, et a eu un évêque, une cathédrale et des basiliques dès le ve siècle.<br /> Mais comme ville de vallée fluviale, elle devint vulnérable aux attaques barbares une fois les légions retirées. En dépit des efforts de l'empereur Justinien pour améliorer les fortifications, Hiskampis fut détruite par les Bulgares et les Ostrogoths pendant les invasions slaves des Balkans. Bien qu'une certaine vie urbaine et militaire ait dû continuer pendant un temps, car elle est mentionnée dans l'œuvre de Procope de Césarée au vie siècle, elle fut totalement détruite par les Bulgares dans des attaques intermittentes au cours des deux siècles suivants.<br /> <br /> L'emplacement semble avoir été abandonné jusqu'à ce que les envahisseurs ottomans y aient établi un camp militaire, suivi de la reconstruction urbaine sous le sultan Mehmet II en 1467. Mehmet fit construire un château en quadrilatère massif avec un fossé profond et trois portes. Il l'appela Ilibasan, signifiant « l'endroit fort » en turc. C'est devenu un centre de civilisation urbaine ottoman au cours des quatre siècles suivants. Vers la fin du xviie siècle, il y avait 2 000 habitants. La forteresse fut démantelée par Reshit Pasha en 1832. En 1864, Elbasan devint un sandjak de la vilayet de Manastir.<br /> En 1909, après la révolution des Jeunes Turcs à Istanbul, un congrès national albanais se réunit à Elbasan pour étudier des questions éducatives et culturelles. Elbasan eut la première université pour la formation de professeurs en Albanie. Les délégués, tous d'Albanie centrale et méridionale, approuvèrent la décision du congrès de Monastir (aujourd'hui Bitola, en République de Macédoine) d'employer l'alphabet latin plutôt que l'écriture arabe dans l'albanais écrit. La majorité musulmane s'opposa à l'installation du prince Guillaume de Wied en 1914. (Wikipedia)</p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:42 -0700 2012-06-03T13:26:37-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393782544 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie <p>Elbasan devint importante pendant la période romaine, quand elle était connue sous le nom de Masio Scampa. Le mot Scampa signifie des roches ou des crêtes dans la langue illyrienne antique. Les Romains y construisirent une forteresse importante, défendue par des tours. Aux iiie et ive siècles, elle s'appelait Hiskampis et s'était développée comme un centre de commerce et de transport important, près de la jonction de deux branches de la Via Egnatia venant d'Apollonia et de Dyrrachium. Ptolémée a écrit que c'était la ville de la tribu d'Eordaei, qui plus tard a émigré en Macédoine. Elle a participé à la diffusion du christianisme le long de la voie romaine, et a eu un évêque, une cathédrale et des basiliques dès le ve siècle.<br /> Mais comme ville de vallée fluviale, elle devint vulnérable aux attaques barbares une fois les légions retirées. En dépit des efforts de l'empereur Justinien pour améliorer les fortifications, Hiskampis fut détruite par les Bulgares et les Ostrogoths pendant les invasions slaves des Balkans. Bien qu'une certaine vie urbaine et militaire ait dû continuer pendant un temps, car elle est mentionnée dans l'œuvre de Procope de Césarée au vie siècle, elle fut totalement détruite par les Bulgares dans des attaques intermittentes au cours des deux siècles suivants.<br /> <br /> L'emplacement semble avoir été abandonné jusqu'à ce que les envahisseurs ottomans y aient établi un camp militaire, suivi de la reconstruction urbaine sous le sultan Mehmet II en 1467. Mehmet fit construire un château en quadrilatère massif avec un fossé profond et trois portes. Il l'appela Ilibasan, signifiant « l'endroit fort » en turc. C'est devenu un centre de civilisation urbaine ottoman au cours des quatre siècles suivants. Vers la fin du xviie siècle, il y avait 2 000 habitants. La forteresse fut démantelée par Reshit Pasha en 1832. En 1864, Elbasan devint un sandjak de la vilayet de Manastir.<br /> En 1909, après la révolution des Jeunes Turcs à Istanbul, un congrès national albanais se réunit à Elbasan pour étudier des questions éducatives et culturelles. Elbasan eut la première université pour la formation de professeurs en Albanie. Les délégués, tous d'Albanie centrale et méridionale, approuvèrent la décision du congrès de Monastir (aujourd'hui Bitola, en République de Macédoine) d'employer l'alphabet latin plutôt que l'écriture arabe dans l'albanais écrit. La majorité musulmane s'opposa à l'installation du prince Guillaume de Wied en 1914. (Wikipedia)</p> Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie masioscampa http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393801642/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393801642/" title="Elbasan, Albanie, et ses friches industrielles"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7234/7393801642_0b358dca08_m.jpg" width="240" height="126" alt="Elbasan, Albanie, et ses friches industrielles" /></a></p> <p>There was much wartime damage, which was followed by an intensive programme of industrial development in the Communist period that boosted the city to around 75,000 inhabitants. The culmination of this process was the construction of the huge Steel of the Party (Albanian: Celiku i Partise) metallurgical complex outside the city, in the Shkumbini valley, built with Chinese assistance in the 1970s. It was emphatically called &quot;The Second National Liberation of Albanian&quot; by Enver Hoxha. The cost of the complex in environmental impact was high for the Shkumbin valley. (Wikipedia)</p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:37 -0700 2012-06-03T13:14:33-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393801642 41.06993 19.942245 41.06993 19.942245 20069949 Elbasan, Albanie, et ses friches industrielles <p>There was much wartime damage, which was followed by an intensive programme of industrial development in the Communist period that boosted the city to around 75,000 inhabitants. The culmination of this process was the construction of the huge Steel of the Party (Albanian: Celiku i Partise) metallurgical complex outside the city, in the Shkumbini valley, built with Chinese assistance in the 1970s. It was emphatically called &quot;The Second National Liberation of Albanian&quot; by Enver Hoxha. The cost of the complex in environmental impact was high for the Shkumbin valley. (Wikipedia)</p> Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393681784/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393681784/" title="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine: monument photographié de loin et du car."><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7075/7393681784_5bc189848b_m.jpg" width="200" height="240" alt="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine: monument photographié de loin et du car." /></a></p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:21:02 -0700 2012-06-03T14:53:12-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393681784 41.162488 20.187978 41.162488 20.187978 470619 Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine: monument photographié de loin et du car. Marie-Hélène Cingal albania albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393685586/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393685586/" title="Elbasan, Albanie"><img src="http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5326/7393685586_a604a66250_m.jpg" width="240" height="161" alt="Elbasan, Albanie" /></a></p> <p>Au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale, Elbasan fut successivement occupée par des Serbes, des Bulgares, des Autrichiens et des Italiens, entre 1915 et 1918. Le développement industriel commença dans la période de Zog Ier, quand des usines de tabac et de boissons alcoolisées y furent établies. La ville se distinguait par ses beaux bâtiments publics, ses établissements d'éducation, ses jardins publics et ses magasins en bois. Elle fut gravement endommagée pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.<br /> Après la guerre, la période communiste fut marquée par un vigoureux programme de développement industriel, qui porta la population de la ville à environ 75 000 habitants. Ce processus culmina dans les années 1960 et 1970 avec la construction d'un énorme complexe métallurgique dans la vallée du Shkumbin, avec l'aide chinoise. Il fut appelé « la deuxième libération nationale de l'Albanie » par Enver Hoxha. Mais les émissions de polluants dangereux rendirent impropre à la culture une grande partie de la zone agricole de la vallée jusque-là prospère. (Wikipedia)</p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:21:00 -0700 2012-06-03T14:44:41-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393685586 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie <p>Au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale, Elbasan fut successivement occupée par des Serbes, des Bulgares, des Autrichiens et des Italiens, entre 1915 et 1918. Le développement industriel commença dans la période de Zog Ier, quand des usines de tabac et de boissons alcoolisées y furent établies. La ville se distinguait par ses beaux bâtiments publics, ses établissements d'éducation, ses jardins publics et ses magasins en bois. Elle fut gravement endommagée pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.<br /> Après la guerre, la période communiste fut marquée par un vigoureux programme de développement industriel, qui porta la population de la ville à environ 75 000 habitants. Ce processus culmina dans les années 1960 et 1970 avec la construction d'un énorme complexe métallurgique dans la vallée du Shkumbin, avec l'aide chinoise. Il fut appelé « la deuxième libération nationale de l'Albanie » par Enver Hoxha. Mais les émissions de polluants dangereux rendirent impropre à la culture une grande partie de la zone agricole de la vallée jusque-là prospère. (Wikipedia)</p> Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393676892/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393676892/" title="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine: la rivière Shkumbini"><img src="http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5445/7393676892_8fd86a0e26_m.jpg" width="240" height="124" alt="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine: la rivière Shkumbini" /></a></p> <p>Shkumbin (Definite Albanian form: Shkumbini, Latin: Genusus) is a river in central Albania, flowing into the Adriatic Sea. It is considered the dividing line for the two dialects of the Albanian language: Tosk (to the south) and Gheg (to the north).<br /> On various historical periods the river was considered the northernmost natural boundary of the geographic region of Epirus.[1] while during the 5th-6th centuries Shkumbin was the cultural border between the Illyrian and the Greek world.[2]<br /> The river is 181 km (112 mi) long. The sources of the Shkumbin river are in the mountains southwest of Lake Ohrid, in the southwestern corner of the Pogradec District. and also in the Librazhd District at Valamra and the Guri i Topit Mountain. The Shkumbin is fed by the waters of the Dushna, Radicina, Bushtrica, Sheja, Hotolisht, and Dragostunja streams. The Shkumbin flows through the town of Librazhd. The Rrapun River joins the Shkumbin at Murrash.<br /> The Shkumbin initially flows north, then northwest, through Qukës, Librazhd, where it turns west and continues through Polis, Elbasan, Cërrik, Peqin and Rrogozhinë. It flows into the Adriatic Sea northwest of Divjakë.<br /> The two canals &quot;Naum Panxhi&quot; and &quot;Ferras&quot; stem out of the river in the Elbasan area and through an irrigation plan system satisfy the agricultural water needs of the Cërrik low plains. (Wikipedia)</p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:21:04 -0700 2012-06-03T14:55:22-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393676892 41.162488 20.187978 41.162488 20.187978 470619 Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine: la rivière Shkumbini <p>Shkumbin (Definite Albanian form: Shkumbini, Latin: Genusus) is a river in central Albania, flowing into the Adriatic Sea. It is considered the dividing line for the two dialects of the Albanian language: Tosk (to the south) and Gheg (to the north).<br /> On various historical periods the river was considered the northernmost natural boundary of the geographic region of Epirus.[1] while during the 5th-6th centuries Shkumbin was the cultural border between the Illyrian and the Greek world.[2]<br /> The river is 181 km (112 mi) long. The sources of the Shkumbin river are in the mountains southwest of Lake Ohrid, in the southwestern corner of the Pogradec District. and also in the Librazhd District at Valamra and the Guri i Topit Mountain. The Shkumbin is fed by the waters of the Dushna, Radicina, Bushtrica, Sheja, Hotolisht, and Dragostunja streams. The Shkumbin flows through the town of Librazhd. The Rrapun River joins the Shkumbin at Murrash.<br /> The Shkumbin initially flows north, then northwest, through Qukës, Librazhd, where it turns west and continues through Polis, Elbasan, Cërrik, Peqin and Rrogozhinë. It flows into the Adriatic Sea northwest of Divjakë.<br /> The two canals &quot;Naum Panxhi&quot; and &quot;Ferras&quot; stem out of the river in the Elbasan area and through an irrigation plan system satisfy the agricultural water needs of the Cërrik low plains. (Wikipedia)</p> Marie-Hélène Cingal albania albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393661090/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393661090/" title="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7223/7393661090_36458458c1_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine" /></a></p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:21:09 -0700 2012-06-03T15:52:48-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393661090 41.162488 20.187978 41.162488 20.187978 470619 Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine Marie-Hélène Cingal albania albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393788308/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393788308/" title="Elbasan, Albanie: détail du monument aux enseignants d'Elbasan (Arsimtareve elbasanas bashkja Elbasan, 2009 - Vladimir Caripha)"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7105/7393788308_15149a69cf_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Elbasan, Albanie: détail du monument aux enseignants d'Elbasan (Arsimtareve elbasanas bashkja Elbasan, 2009 - Vladimir Caripha)" /></a></p> <p>En 1909, après la révolution des Jeunes Turcs à Istanbul, un congrès national albanais se réunit à Elbasan pour étudier des questions éducatives et culturelles. Elbasan eut la première université pour la formation de professeurs en Albanie. Les délégués, tous d'Albanie centrale et méridionale, approuvèrent la décision du congrès de Monastir (aujourd'hui Bitola, en République de Macédoine) d'employer l'alphabet latin plutôt que l'écriture arabe dans l'albanais écrit. (Wikipedia)</p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:41 -0700 2012-06-03T13:26:12-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393788308 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie: détail du monument aux enseignants d'Elbasan (Arsimtareve elbasanas bashkja Elbasan, 2009 - Vladimir Caripha) <p>En 1909, après la révolution des Jeunes Turcs à Istanbul, un congrès national albanais se réunit à Elbasan pour étudier des questions éducatives et culturelles. Elbasan eut la première université pour la formation de professeurs en Albanie. Les délégués, tous d'Albanie centrale et méridionale, approuvèrent la décision du congrès de Monastir (aujourd'hui Bitola, en République de Macédoine) d'employer l'alphabet latin plutôt que l'écriture arabe dans l'albanais écrit. (Wikipedia)</p> Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie masioscampa http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393674520/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393674520/" title="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7078/7393674520_32efe21355_m.jpg" width="240" height="118" alt="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine" /></a></p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:21:05 -0700 2012-06-03T15:05:09-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393674520 41.162488 20.187978 41.162488 20.187978 470619 Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine Marie-Hélène Cingal albania albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393656576/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393656576/" title="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine"><img src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7071/7393656576_850aed75f0_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine" /></a></p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:21:10 -0700 2012-06-03T15:55:27-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393656576 41.162488 20.187978 41.162488 20.187978 470619 Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine Marie-Hélène Cingal albania albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393649730/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393649730/" title="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine"><img src="http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5193/7393649730_48c47f2a79_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine" /></a></p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:21:12 -0700 2012-06-03T16:11:10-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393649730 41.162488 20.187978 41.162488 20.187978 470619 Albanie, entre Elbasan et la Macédoine Marie-Hélène Cingal albania albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393798588/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393798588/" title="Elbasan, Albanie, et ses friches industrielles"><img src="http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5347/7393798588_fe0c2b1dfd_m.jpg" width="240" height="123" alt="Elbasan, Albanie, et ses friches industrielles" /></a></p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:38 -0700 2012-06-03T13:15:00-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393798588 41.06993 19.942245 41.06993 19.942245 20069949 Elbasan, Albanie, et ses friches industrielles Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393766366/ <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/people/24271543@N03/">Marie-Hélène Cingal</a> posted a photo:</p> <p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/24271543@N03/7393766366/" title="Elbasan, Albanie"><img src="http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8028/7393766366_fed5b11503_m.jpg" width="240" height="180" alt="Elbasan, Albanie" /></a></p> Mon, 18 Jun 2012 06:20:45 -0700 2012-06-03T13:27:55-08:00 nobody@flickr.com (Marie-Hélène Cingal) tag:flickr.com,2004:/photo/7393766366 41.110257 20.079832 41.110257 20.079832 469713 Elbasan, Albanie Marie-Hélène Cingal albania elbasan albanie shqipëria republikaeshqipërisë républiquedalbanie masioscampa